What term is used to describe the 'strength' of an earthquake estimated by using the seismic moment?

The term that describes the 'strength' of an earthquake as estimated using the seismic moment is known as Moment Magnitude. This scale measures the total energy released by an earthquake, taking into account various factors such as the area of the fault that slipped, the average amount of slip along the fault, and the rigidity of the rocks involved. Unlike other magnitude scales, Moment Magnitude provides a more consistent measure across a wide range of earthquake sizes and distances from the epicenter, making it particularly useful for assessing larger seismic events.

Moment Magnitude is based on the physics of seismology and provides a more comprehensive understanding of an earthquake's potential effects compared to subjective measures of intensity or factors that may vary with distance from the source. The scale has become the standard for reporting and comparing the sizes of earthquakes in both scientific and public contexts, as it aligns more closely with the energy released.

Using seismic moment as a basis is critical because it captures the energy release more accurately than simpler methods, ultimately allowing for more effective communication regarding natural hazards and assisting in hazard mitigation efforts.